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The colon is the last part of the digestive system. It extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body. The colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon (including the cecum and appendix), the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon. There are countless conditions that affect the colon including obstructive disorders, infectious diseases, and neoplasms (cancers).
Colitis refers to an inflammation of the colon. There are several causes of colitis including ischemic, infectious, and autoimmune. Colitis can be associated with diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, and blood in the stool. This inflammation may be due to a variety of reasons, including the following: