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The colon is the last part of the digestive system. It extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body. The colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon (including the cecum and appendix), the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon. There are countless conditions that affect the colon including obstructive disorders, infectious diseases, and neoplasms (cancers).
Colon cancer occurs when tumors form in the lining of the large intestine. The risk of developing colon cancer rises after age 50. Risk factors include colorectal polyps, a family history of colon cancer, and ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Screening tests include colonoscopy and tests for blood in the stool. Treatments for colon cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or a combination.