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The rectum is a component of the lower gastrointestinal tract. It is a continuation of the sigmoid colon, and connects to the anus. The rectum acts as a temporary storage site for feces.
Colorectal cancer occurs when tumors form in the lining of the large intestine. The risk of developing colorectal cancer rises after age 50. Risk factors include colorectal polyps, a family history of colorectal cancer, and ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Screening tests include colonoscopy and tests for blood in the stool. Treatments for colorectal cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or a combination. Anal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the anus. Being infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV) increases the risk of developing anal cancer. Signs of anal cancer include bleeding from the anus or rectum or a lump near the anus. Anal cancer is generally treated with chemotherapy and radiation, but some cases may require surgery to remove the rectum and anus.