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The spleen is the organ that is responsible for both the storage and purification of red blood cells. It is positioned in the left upper abdomen, and is the largest organ of the lymphatic system. The spleen serves a critical role in immune function because it purifies the blood and helps the immune system to recognize and attack foreign pathogens and allergens.
The condition known as splenomegaly exists when the spleen becomes enlarged due to disease. When this occurs the spleen can ultimately rupture and cause additional damage. Splenomegaly has been associated with the following diseases: mononucleosis, sickle cell disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and cancer. The surgical procedure splenectomy is often needed to remove an enlarged or injured spleen.