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Hernias are caused by a disruption or opening in the fascia, or fibrous tissue, which forms the abdominal wall. By far the most common hernias develop in the abdomen, when a weakness in the abdominal wall evolves into a localized hole, or "defect", through which adipose tissue, or abdominal organs may protrude. If the contents of a hernia become trapped it is called an “incarcerated” hernia. An incarcerated hernia can become a “strangulated” hernia if the blood supply to the herniated organ becomes compromised.
Umbilical hernias account for 10% of abdominal wall hernias. Conditions that lead to increased intra-abdominal pressure and weakened fascia at the level of the umbilicus (i.e. obesity, ascites, multiple pregnancies, and large abdominal tumors) contribute to the development of umbilical hernias.